Student Loan Wage Garnishments Are Back — What Borrowers Need to Know

The pandemic-era reprieve for student loan borrowers has definitively ended. According to Experian's latest personal finance news, the federal government began garnishing wages of student loan borrowers in default starting in early January 2026, with notices sent to approximately 1,000 defaulted borrowers during the first week alone.

For the millions of Americans carrying student debt, this represents a critical inflection point.

What Wage Garnishment Means

When the government garnishes your wages, it means your employer is legally required to withhold a portion of your paycheck — typically up to 15% of disposable pay — and send it directly to the Department of Education. You don't get a choice, and the money never hits your bank account.

Beyond wages, the government can also:

Seize tax refunds

Offset Social Security benefits

Report the default to credit bureaus, tanking your credit score

Who's at Risk

Borrowers who haven't made payments and are technically in default status — typically 270+ days past due on federal loans — are the immediate targets. But the wave could expand as the Department of Education scales up its collection infrastructure.

How to Get Out of Default

The good news: you have options, and acting now can stop garnishment before it starts.

Loan rehabilitation: Make 9 voluntary, reasonable monthly payments over 10 months to exit default

Loan consolidation: Combine defaulted loans into a new Direct Consolidation Loan and immediately enter an income-driven repayment plan

Income-driven repayment (IDR): Plans like SAVE, PAYE, and IBR cap payments at 5–15% of discretionary income

As Fidelity's 2026 money moves guide emphasizes, addressing student debt is one of the most impactful financial moves young adults can make this year.

The Scale of the Problem

The resumption of collections affects an estimated 5.3 million borrowers who have been in default — defined as having not made a payment for at least 270 days. The average defaulted balance is approximately $35,000, though this figure obscures a wide range: some borrowers owe under $10,000 (often community college dropouts who didn't complete their degrees), while others carry six-figure balances from graduate programs.

Administrative wage garnishment allows the Department of Education to take up to 15% of disposable pay without a court order. For someone earning $40,000 annually, that could mean roughly $350 per month — a significant hit that often triggers a cascade of financial stress, from missed rent payments to increased credit card reliance.

Why Borrowers Ended Up Here

It's worth understanding how millions of Americans reached default status. Many entered the pandemic repayment pause already struggling. The extended forbearance period — over three years of no required payments — was intended as relief but inadvertently allowed borrowers to deprioritize their student debt. When the SAVE plan was struck down by courts in 2024, borrowers who had enrolled were left without a clear path to affordable payments.

The administrative complexity of federal student loans has itself been a barrier. Borrowers report spending an average of 4.2 hours navigating loan servicer systems to enroll in income-driven repayment plans, according to a 2025 Consumer Financial Protection Bureau report. Servicer errors, lost paperwork, and conflicting information have pushed many borrowers into default who might otherwise have qualified for affordable payment plans.

The Credit Score Catastrophe

Beyond the immediate financial hit, wage garnishment signals default status to credit bureaus, cratering borrowers' credit scores by 100–150 points on average. This creates a vicious cycle: lower credit scores mean higher interest rates on everything from car loans to credit cards, making it even harder to climb out of debt.

For younger borrowers in their 20s and 30s, a defaulted student loan can delay major life milestones. Mortgage lenders typically won't approve borrowers with defaulted federal debt, and many landlords now check credit scores during rental applications. Even some employers run credit checks as part of the hiring process, particularly for positions involving financial responsibility.

References

Experian. (2026, March). The latest personal finance news for March 2026. Experian Blog. https://www.experian.com/blogs/ask-experian/latest-personal-finance-news/

Fidelity Investments. (2026). 7 smart money moves for 2026 retirement planning. Fidelity Learning Center. https://www.fidelity.com/learning-center/personal-finance/retirement/2026-money-moves